Painkillers are some of the most commonly used medications when it comes to relieving headaches, muscle pain, and chronic pain states. They can provide a great deal of comfort. But too much, or prolonged use, can lead to certain health risks. Let’s look at the painkillers available, how they work, and safely using painkillers and Impacts of Painkillers Explained.
Painkillers fall into two main categories:
OTC Painkillers- Over-the-counter painkillers available without a prescription, including: paracetamol (acetaminophen), ibuprofen, and aspirin.
Prescription Painkillers- prescription painkillers, which include opioids (morphine, oxycodone, tramadol), are stronger medications used for pain that’s more severe.
The great thing about painkillers is that they work effectively, but improper use can be associated with significant health consequences.
Liver Damage
Paracetamol is widely used as a fever reducer and mild pain killer. However, paracetamol can produce liver toxicity that can result in liver failure, if taken in high doses. Taking higher than the suggested doses can be dangerous especially when mixed with alcohol.
Stomach Issues
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can lead to gastric ulcers, acidity, and stomach bleeding more frequently than other medications. This is particularly worse when taken on an empty stomach or for prolonged periods of time.
Kidney Damage
Chronic ingestion of NSAIDs have the potential to diminish renal blood flow, which may lead to renal dysfunction over time. Especially against the backdrop of pre-existing renal disease.
Dependence & Addiction (Opioids)
Opioid painkillers – morphine, oxycodone, tramadol – can be hugely addictive. Regular use over time can lead to opioid dependence, withdrawal symptoms and, in some cases, overdose.
Increased Risk of Heart Problems
Painkillers (especially NSAIDs) have been linked to increased risk of heart attack and stroke with use in higher doses for long periods of time.
Painkillers should be used responsibly to avoid complications. Here are some tips to use them safely:
Use according to dosing instructions like stated on the label, or as prescribed by your doctor.
Avoid long-term use. Pain that lasts for weeks should be discussed with a health professional and not just masked with painkillers.
Take with food or water. NSAIDs should be taken after meals to reduce the risk of stomach ulcers.
Avoid alcohol. Consuming pain killers (and especially paracetamol) and alcohol at the same time, increases the risks for liver damage.
Know your health conditions. Those with liver, kidney, or heart disease should follow their doctor’s advice regarding painkillers.
Do not combine medications. Several medications interact with the pain killers and create additional risks or side effects.
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