Is Type 5 Diabetes a New Health Crisis? Experts Weigh In

Diabetes is a common health condition, and many of us are familiar with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. However, a new form, Type 5 diabetes, has been identified by researchers and is gaining attention due to its impact on younger individuals, particularly those from low to middle-income countries. This condition was officially recognized by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) during the 75th World Diabetes Congress held in Bangkok on April 7, 2025.

What Makes Type 5 Diabetes Different?
Unlike Type 2 diabetes, where the body does not respond properly to insulin, Type 5 occurs due to a genetic mutation that stops the body from producing insulin. This leads to very low insulin levels. The body mass index (BMI) of people with this condition is usually lower than 18.5, indicating low body fat and signs of nutritional deficiencies. This form of diabetes primarily affects individuals who are malnourished and have very little body fat.

Where Did It Come From?
Type 5 was first recognized in Jamaica in 1955, where it was known as J-Type. The World Health Organization (WHO) had classified it as “nutritional diabetes” in 1985, but later removed it in 1999 due to insufficient evidence. However, recent studies in Asian and African countries have shown clear signs of the condition, leading to its re-recognition.

How to Manage Type 5 Diabetes
Managing Type 5 involves a combination of proper nutrition and personal treatment. A diet rich in proteins is essential, along with sufficient carbohydrates and fats for individuals with low BMI to gain weight. Depending on blood glucose levels, insulin or diabetic medications may be prescribed. Specialists also note that children in the womb exposed to nutritional deficiencies are at higher risk for developing this type of diabetes.

Why Is It Important?
The recognition of Type 5 is crucial for providing accurate treatment to those who were previously misdiagnosed with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes. In countries like India, where malnutrition is still a major issue, identifying this condition could lead to better treatment options and improved healthcare for millions.

Also Read: Best Summer Road Trips in India You Can’t Miss in 2025